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釣魚行事曆
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釣魚探索 :: 大自然資源

事實與偏見


「釣魚」與及「保護海洋資源」這兩個議題是否各走極端,不可以混為一談? 而釣魚者支持保護海洋資源,又是否屬於自相矛盾?


筆者在多年前曾在大氣電波中跟一位本港知名環保人仕就這問題作出討論,當時我感覺到他對釣魚活動深痛欲絕,將海洋資源受到破壞的主要原因歸咎於釣魚活動,將釣魚運動定為破壞海洋生態的元兇。雖然筆者相信這只是一些較為偏激的意見,但亦不敢否認社會人仕可能普遍存著相同的觀點。時至今日,情況是否有所改變? 社會人仕是否因為現時大部份釣魚者都支持保護海洋資源,從而對釣魚活動有所改觀? 筆者對於這一點未敢樂觀,因為政府在制訂一些保護海洋資源政策時,似乎從未邀請休閒釣魚業者或休閒釣魚人仕加入為作為核心成員或主要咨詢者。所以制定出來的政策往往傾斜於一方,對釣魚活動採用一刀切的態度。如何改變這個情況,暫時不在此詳述。但筆者深信我們只是沒有好好運用我們的潛在影響力,使政府官員在制定政策時,能好好考慮其他的可能方案。


釣魚運動與及支持保護海洋資源是否一定是背道而馳,沒法互相結合而產生協同效應? 其實人類在地球上進行的所有活動,無論是衣,食,住,行,都是在不斷地消耗破壞地球的資源,問題是我們能否在消耗過程中減少不必要的破壞及浪費,以確保生態系統保持平衡,使地球能夠將損耗的部份自我修復及補充。


釣魚是使用魚絲,魚鉤及魚餌來捕取魚穫,是屬於一種有選擇性的捕魚方法。使用不同的魚餌,不同大小的魚鉤,不同的釣點來選擇魚穫的種類及大小。至於決定收穫的主要因素並不是釣魚者本身的經驗,技術或運氣,而在於魚兒索食的興趣,假如魚兒不食魚餌的話,無論如何都是釣不到魚的。在一天裏,魚兒真正有索食意慾的時間相加起來亦不超過兩三個小時。至於其他的捕魚方法及陸上的打獵活動,只要在天氣情況許可下,無論獵物及魚兒是否在覓食,或者是處於休息狀態,均可以不停地進這些捕捉活動。況且釣魚不會如拖網,炸魚,毒魚對魚類棲息的環境造成破壞,使魚類失去棲身覓食之所,是屬於一種最環保的捕魚方法。


令到海洋魚類資源枯竭的原因是捕捉魚穫的速度多於大自然回復能力速度,當中包括了濫捕,浪費,魚類棲息環境受到破壞所造成,好像黃花魚原來盛產於中國沿海,但一直沒有節制地捕捉,令到魚群的數量銳減,魚穫的體型亦趨細少化。離香港不遠的東沙群島,原來為各種魚類棲息的天堂,二十多年前受到不法之徒以山埃毒魚,所有水族無一幸免,不但魚群從此絕跡,珊瑚更一大片地死去,此今該處仍無法回復舊觀。跟據世界自然基金會的資料,因商業捕魚而拋棄浪費的間接魚穫佔全球魚穫的25%。


相對於一些釣魚活動極之盛行的國家如澳洲,紐西蘭,美國及加拿大等地,這些國家的海洋魚類並未因釣魚活動盛行而大幅減少。原因是這些國家有一套完整的法例來保護海洋資源,因應海洋能承受的捕撈能力來對商業捕魚採用配額制度;及對業餘釣魚者限定魚穫的大小及魚獲數量;設立海洋保護區,保障魚類棲息環境不會受到破壞;投放資源以增加魚類棲息環境;更重要的是對訂下的法例能切實地執行。另一方面這些國家亦認識及運用到休閒釣魚的經濟力量,來協助漁業者轉型,以減少商業捕魚對海洋資源需求的壓力。


釣魚者一般都會將釣到的魚穫作為食用,或多或少會減少商業魚穫的需求。假如所有釣魚者都停止釣魚,亦不會減少人類對魚穫的需求,只不過是商業魚穫的需求量必定會因此而增加。如果說釣魚者十分殘忍,雙手沾滿血腥,試問假手於人又是否更加道德呢?如果所有人類都轉為素食者,對於農業產品的需求必定大增,意味著更多的土地會開墾成為耕地。誰人又有權將原來屬於大自然的野外地方改變,令到野生的動植物無處容身?


對於海洋污染,大氣臭氧層穿洞,亦非由釣魚活動所造成。釣魚者惟有如其他愛好戶外活動人仕一般,自求多福,好好保護自已以減少陽光所造成的傷害。 對於海洋污染,魚漁枯竭,感受最深的莫過於以海謀生的漁民,與及經常與大海為伍的釣魚者。我們絕對不會讓海洋受到破壞,亦不願意看見我們的下一代出現沒有魚可釣的情況。希望各位愛護地球的朋友及社會人仕,能多一點諒解,多一點溝通,為保護我們的地球共同作出努力。


*參考資料:世界自然基金會香港分會 資料單張「漁業危機」

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